［业余一级］：下决心踏入专业门坎，为此自行聘请教练进行针对性、专门性指点，自费参加各种专业化的医疗、体能训练。所采用的一套骑行技术正是最适合自已身体特点的。在对自行车运动的认识、技术水平、体能素质、比赛经验等方面，接近专业青少年选手的水平，相当于半专业化选手。 作者: 闲云野鹤牧牛羊 时间: 2011-10-17 11:58
How to buy a bicycle
Whether you've never bought one before or need a smart new upgrade, these quick tips should help you make the right choice.
Flash the cash
Spend to the hilt of your budget. The point of buying as high as you dare is that the better the bike, the greater the pleasure it will bring you. The greater the joy, the more you'll want to use it. But remember also what safety and security accessories you need (starting with lights, helmet and a lock or two).
Do your homework
There are a huge number of books and up-to-date internet sites - such as the excellent bikeforall.net- to help you find the ideal bike, be it a hybrid, racer, mountain or folding bike. What sort of riding do you want to do? The more you know before you enter the shop, the easier it will be for the bike specialist to help you.
Whatever your size and shape, there's a bike for you
The most important thing when buying a bike is to get the correct size.People can spend thousands on a bike but the money is totally wasted if the bike doesn't fit you. The frame needs to be right, so make sure you test the bike: think about the width of the bars and the length of the handlebar stem.
Keep an inch clearance between the bike's top tube and your nether regions
Eye-watering as it sounds, this is the best way to check the reach and height of the bike is right for you. Remember the saddle position canbe adjusted forwards and back as well as up and down, and the handlebars too. Your dealer should let you do a test-ride so take advantage.
A good bike mechanic will have qualifications
Most British bike shops are members of the Association of Cycle Traders and will have mechanics with CyTech qualifications. This bike industry standard will ensure they've got answers for all your queries,specialist or otherwise.
Even in today's world, bikes can be gender-specific
Traditionally, women's bikes possessed a slanted top tube to make it easier to dismount in a skirt. Now the main difference is that the toptube is shorter in length because women tend to have a shorter reach.Also, with more expensive bikes, the suspension may be specially adjusted.
Men and women have different-shaped pelvises, so get the right saddle
Ensure you choose a saddle that matches your shape, even if this means changing the one that came with the bike. Women's saddles are slightly wider and shorter. For comfort, a softer saddle is better for short trips.
Feel comfortable with the gears
Commuter cyclist Joe Halloran recalls that, "When I was looking to buy a bike,the components were an important factor. The brakes, wheels and gears all need to be of a good quality, just as much as the frame itself." Asan example, work out whether you want "derailleur" gears typical of racing bikes - multiple cogs on the front and rear wheels linked by a movable chain mechanism to give the bike up to 30 "speeds" - or hub gearing common on utility (hybrid) bikes, whereby a gearbox is built into the rear wheel's hub, offering greater protection against weather and bashes but fewer gears.
Buying a bike from an auction website is rarely a good investment
Purchasing second-hand is difficult, and there's a lot to be said for shopping around and taking someone with you who knows what they are talking about. Avoid buying bikes that are unseen/untried/on the cheap(they are never bargains) or flat-packed/self-assembly/auction websitebikes.作者: 闲云野鹤牧牛羊 时间: 2011-10-17 11:59
很简短 但是会给你打很高分的英语口语集锦
God works. 上帝的安排。
Not so bad. 不错。
No way! 不可能！
Don't flatter me. 过奖了。
Hope so. 希望如此。
Go down to business. 言归正传。
I'm not going. 我不去了。
Does it serve your purpose？ 对你有用吗？
I don't care. 我不在乎。
None of my business. 不关我事。
It doesn't work. 不管用。
Your are welcome. 你太客气了。
It is a long story. 一言难尽。
Between us. 你知，我知。
Sure thin! 當然！
Talk truly. 有话直说。
I'm going to go. 我這就去。
Never mind. 不要緊。
Why are you so sure？ 怎么这样肯定？
Is that so？ 是这样吗？
Come on, be reasonable. 嗨，你怎么不讲道理。
When are you leaving？ 你什么时候走？
You don't say so. 未必吧，不至于这样吧。
Don't get me wrong. 别误会我。
You bet! 一定，当然！
It's up to you. 由你决定。
The line is engaged. 占线。
My hands are full right now. 我现在很忙。
Can you dig it？ 你搞明白了吗？
I'm afraid I can't. 我恐怕不能。
How big of you! 你真棒！
Poor thing! 真可怜！
How about eating out？ 外面吃饭怎样？
Don't over do it. 别太过分了。
You want a bet？ 你想打赌吗？
What if I go for you？ 我替你去怎么样？
Who wants？ 谁稀罕？
Follow my nose. 凭直觉做某事。
Cheap skate! 小气鬼！
Come seat here. 来这边坐。
Dinner is on me. 晚饭我请。
You ask for it! 活该！
You don't say! 真想不到！
Get out of here! 滚出去！
How come… 怎么回事，怎么搞的。
Don't mention it. 没关系，别客气。
It is not a big deal! 没什么了不起！
thousand times no! 绝对办不到！
Who knows! 天晓得！
Have a good of it.玩的很高兴。
Don't let me down. 别让我失望。
It is urgent. 有急事。 Can I have this. 可以给我这个吗？
It doesn't take much of you time. 这不花你好多时间。
Drop it! 停止！Bottle it! 閉嘴！
There is nobody by that name working here.這裡沒有這個人。
Easy does it. 慢慢来。
Don't push me. 别逼我。 Come on! 快点，振作起来！
What is the fuss？ 吵什么？
Still up？ 还没睡呀？
It doesn't make any differences. 没关系。
It is a deal！ 一言为定！
Take a seat! 请坐！
Here ye! 说得对！
It can be a killer. 这是个伤脑筋的问题。
Don't take ill of me. 别生我气。
It's up in the air. 尚未确定。
I am all ears. 我洗耳恭听。
Right over there. 就在那里。
Get an eyeful. 看个够。
Here we are! 我们到了！
I lost my way. 我迷路了
Say hello to everybody for me. 替我向大家问好。
Not precisely! 不见得，不一定！
That is unfair. 这不公平！
We have no way out. 我们没办法。
That is great! 太棒了！
You are welcome! 别客气！
I'm bored to death. 我无聊死了。
Bottoms up! 干杯！
Big mouth! 多嘴驴！
Can－do. 能人。
Don't play possum! 別裝蒜！
He neither drinks nor smokes. 他既不喝酒也不抽煙。
Make it up! 不记前嫌！
Watch you mouth. 注意言辞。
Any urgent thing？ 有急事吗？
Good luck! 祝你好运！
Make it. 达到目的，获得成功。
I'll be seeing you. 再见。
I wonder if you can give me a lift？ 能让我搭一程吗？
It is raining. 要下雨了。
I might hear a pin drop. 非常寂静。
Don't get loaded. 别喝醉了。
Stay away from him. 别*近他。 Don't get high hat. 别摆架子。
That rings a bell. 听起来耳熟。
Play hooky. 旷工、旷课。
I am the one wearing pants in the house. 我当家。
Get cold feet. 害怕做某事。
Good for you! 好得很！
Go ahead. 继续。
Help me out. 帮帮我。
Let's bag it. 先把它搁一边。
Lose head. 丧失理智。
He is the pain on neck. 他真让人讨厌。
Do you have straw？ 你有吸管吗？
Don't make up a story. 不要捏造事实。
Absence makes the heart grow fonder. 小别胜新婚。
She make a mess of things. 她把事情搞得一塌糊涂。
He has a quick eye. 他的眼睛很锐利。
Shoot the breeze. 闲谈。
Tell me when! 随时奉陪！
It is a small world! 世界真是小！
Not at all. 根本就不（用）。
Let's play it by ear. 让我们随兴所至。
Wait and see. 等着瞧。
Why so blue？ 怎么垂头丧气？
What brought you here？ 什么风把你吹来了？
Hang on! 抓紧（别挂电话）！
Leave me alone. 别理我。
Chin up. 不气 ，振作些。
You never know. 世事难料。
I stay at home a lot. 我多半在家里。
She'll be along in a few minutes. 他马上会过来。
I'm not in a good mood. 没有心情（做某事）。
He is a fast talker. 他是个吹牛大王。
Daring! 亲爱的！
She is still mad at me. 她还在生我的气。
I'll get even with him one day. 我总有一天跟他扯平
Hit the ceiling. 大发雷霆。
She's got quite a wad. 她身怀巨款。
I don't have anywhere to be. 没地方可去。
I'm dying to see you. 我很想见你。
I swear by the god. 我对天发誓。
Nothing tricky. 别耍花招。
You might at least apologize. 你顶多道个歉就得了。
Price is soaring, if it goes on like this, we shall not be able to keep the pot boiling. 物价直线上升，这样子下去，我们锅里可没什么东西煮饭。
None of you keyhole. 不准偷看。
You don't seem to be quite yourself today. 你今天看起来不大对劲。
Do you have any money on you？ 你身上带钱了吗？
What is your major？ 你学什么专业？
My girlfriend and I broke up. 我和我的女朋友吹了。
It was something that happens once in the blue moon. 这是千载难逢的事。
I'll kick you out. 我将炒你鱿鱼。
I have to be late and keep my date waiting. 我不喜欢迟到而让别人久等。
There is nobody by that name working here. 这里没有这个人。
He neither drinks nor smokes. 他既不喝酒也不抽烟。
He pushes his luck. 他太贪心了。
Nuts! 呸；胡说；混蛋！
I can't make both ends meet. 我上个月接不到下个月，缺钱。
It is of high quality. 它质量上乘。
Dead end. 死胡同。
Would you mind making less noise. 能不能小声点。
作者: 闲云野鹤牧牛羊 时间: 2011-10-17 12:20
World's top 10 greatest cycling routes
There's no better way to explore a place than by bike. Lonely Planet names the top 10 trips that should be on every cyclist's wish list.
OTAGO PENINSULA, NEW ZEALAND
With the first half decidedly laid-back and the second portion anything but, the mix of scenery and sweat make this one of the best one-day rides in the country. Starting from university-town Dunedin you soon shed the trappings of the city and succumb to the lure of the open road. The serpentine route twists pleasantly along the shore, providing tremendous ocean views, and the terrain is made for cycling. Then suddenly there's a sharp turn to the right and you're gaining altitude like a climbing fighter-jet. Get ready for steep climbs, fast descents and the odd albatross to keep you company.
CAPE BRETON ISLAND, CANADA
This justifiably renowned cycling route is best-known for the scenery – breathtaking rocky coastlines, the crystal clear Bras d'Or inland sea and the soaring ridges of the Cape Breton Highlands – especially in their autumn colours. But adventure-seekers will also be satisfied as gently rolling hills become invigorating mountains with some tough climbs and heart-thumping descents. Combined with local wildlife (such as beavers, moose and deer), quaint fishing villages, an intriguing Gaelic culture grown from French-Scottish roots and plenty of fresh ocean breezes, Cape Breton is the whole package.
FRIULI-VENEZIA GIULIA, ITALY
By cycling the often overlooked, yet spectacular, far reaches of the northeast corner of Italy, you have the opportunity to intimately discover this earthy region. Along roads that make for easy pedalling, Slovenian farmers tend their fields in the strong sun, rows of vines cling to voluptuous hill country, and you smell the freshly tilled earth and feel the wind cool the sweat from your face. Then in the evenings, relax in a piazza to sample the region's famous white wines and join the laidback locals for a chat. The route's icing on the cake is the final scenic jaunt down the Istrian coast.
ISLE OF WIGHT, ENGLAND
The Isle of Wight is a cycling paradise that is home to some of the UK's most varied terrain: lush velvet hills rolling into the sea, narrow lanes through tidy hedgerows, deep and mysterious green gullies, and the island's most striking feature, the ridge of white chalk cliffs stretching across its breadth. Although cyclists have been enjoying its outdoor pleasures for decades now, it's only been in recent years that Wight has started to attract young and trendy Londoners looking for a romantic weekend by the sea with a buzz – which gastropubs, slick hotels and a calendar full of festivals now provide.
WEST COAST TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA
By right, Tasmania should be too small to have huge pockets of wilderness, but untouched and untamed lands stretch along its fierce west coast. Cycling land this wild should not come easily and it doesn't, with the hill climbs queuing one after the other – you will notice them but not as much as the scenery, which takes in Tasmania's most famous mountain (Cradle Mountain), its cutest coastal town (Strahan), its highest waterfall (Montezuma Falls) and its most beautiful lake (Lake St Clair), all on highways that feel at times like back roads.
LUBERON AND MONT VENTOUX, FRANCE
Tackling hilly Luberon with a touring load might seem crazy, but several hundred kilometres of well-signed bike paths render it very enjoyable, as do ancient Roman ruins, medieval chateaux and ambrosial wines. This sun-drenched corner of Provence is a mix of manicured vineyards and ancient villages tumbling haphazardly down rocky slopes. Cool pine forests and blue fields of lavender stretch away on either side of the road. But the real goal here is legendary Mont Ventoux, scene of several Tour de France dramas, dominating the landscape and silently luring cyclist-pilgrims to its summit.
SAN JUAN ISLANDS, WASHINGTON, USA
The ferry conveying you and your trusty steed from Seattle or Anacortes weaves its way calmly, the perfect introduction to the slow, peaceful character of these islands. Awaiting you are forested shorelines, secluded coves, bucolic vistas and quiet roads. The three largest islands, Lopez, Orcas and San Juan, each have their own distinctive charm, with historic sites and art galleries. The terrain is hilly, but each can be cycled in a day, including plenty of time to watch for seals, otters, sea lions and the odd orca, or black-tailed deer and eagles further inland.
COUNTY CLARE, IRELAND
Beginning in fertile lowlands flanking the Shannon estuary, this route rolls past golden-sand beaches to the dramatic Cliffs of Moher facing the Atlantic. Next come the music hotbed towns of Milltown Malbay and Doolin, where you enter a pub only if you're in for the long haul – leaving before the last song is sung seems a monstrous breach of etiquette. From here progress to the relentlessly grey, yet captivating, limestone expanse of the Burren, reminiscent of a lunar landscape. Then take a sojourn into Yeats' country before sauntering back in a loop through CountyClare's gentle patchwork countryside.
LA FAROLA, CUBA
Fascinating Cuba is a delight at helmet level. Try the spectacular 9km descent along the La Farola highway, from the crest of the Baracoa Mountains down to the south coast. The highway clings to cliffs hung in tropical vegetation, with guard rails protecting you from drop-to-nowhere gorges, before sweeping from one giant limestone ledge to the next, each turn providing a closer vista of wild open ocean. Built by the Revolutionary government, this magnificent mountain highway is an irresistible challenge for cyclists. Traditionally, the first stage of the Vuelta Ciclista Cuba (Cuba's answer to the Tour de France) is run over this route.
NATIONAL HIGHWAY 1, VIETNAM
This iconic road runs the length of the narrow country from north to south. It is the most popular cycling route in Vietnam, a long but immensely rewarding trip along the best parts of Vietnam's coastline. The route has some reasonable hills, climaxing in the mighty Hai Van Pass (496m) – with a breathtaking descent as pine-clad mountains loom to the west and the South China Sea vanishes into the east. Take the time along the way to gaze at networks of lush rice fields blanketing the hidden valleys below; fish, snorkel or dive the turquoise waters of the coast; and soak up the atmosphere of delightful rural hamlets.作者: 闲云野鹤牧牛羊 时间: 2011-10-17 12:24
Bicycle Transportation Plan 自行车交通规划
Introduction
Bicycling is an important mode of transportation in the Madison urban area and countywide that is available to people
of all ages and socioeconomic levels. Bicycling is a particularly efficient and convenient form of transportation in urban
areas. Like the automobile, bicycling provides a high degree of independence, flexibility, and freedom of choice relative
to schedule and destination.
Recreational bicycling also continues to be very popular. The Madison urban area has 50 miles of shared-use paths,
which are popular for recreational bicyclists as well as commuters. Rural town roads and many county roadways provide
excellent routes for bicycling in the county. Two major state bicycle trails—the Military Ridge Trail and Glacial Drumlin
Trail—run through the county. The newly built Capital City Trail connects to the Military Ridge Trail and the John
Nolen Drive/Isthmus Bicycle Paths.
Bicycle Plan Purposes
Refine the Bicycle Plan Element of the adopted Vision 2020 Dane County Land Use
& Transportation Plan (1997), which provides the overall policy framework for development and transportation improvements within the county.
Serve as a blueprint for continuing to improve bicycling conditions and safety
and increase bicycling levels.
Identify desirable bicycle routes within Dane County, including routes into and out
of the Madison area and connections between cities and villages.
Serve as a framework for cooperation between state agencies, the county, and
local governments in planning for and developing bicycle facilities.
Educate citizens and policy makers on bicycle transportation and the needs of
bicyclists.
Provide guidelines for planning, designing,and maintaining bicycle facilities.
Bicycle Plan Scope and Planning Process
This plan serves to update and supersede the 1991 Bicycle Transportation
Plan for Madison and Dane County. The plan follows the
recommended comprehensive approach to bicycle transportation
planning, covering the “Four Es” of engineering (facility
improvements), education, encouragement, and enforcement.
The plan identifies on-street bicycle facility (generally bike lane/
paved shoulder) needs and recommends off-street paths/trails
and bicycle routes for the Madison urban area and Dane County.
An analysis was done of the suitability for bicycling of existing
roadways in the Madison urban area and rural Dane County.
This information was used to identify on-street bicycle facility
needs, and in particular, travel corridors that serve as barriers
to bicyclist mobility due to their low compatibility for bicycling
and the lack of reasonably direct alternative routes.
Existing land use, transportation and parks and open space
plans have been integrated into the bicycle plan. Recommended
bicycle facilities in these plans have been included in the bicycle
plan to the extent they fit within the regional scope of
the plan.
Along with facility improvements, education and encouragement
are important elements in increasing bicycling while also
improving safety. Together, they can improve the skills and
confidence of bicyclists to ride safely in traffic, which is critical
for increasing their effective mobility. The plan makes recommendations
for building upon current education and encouragement
activities.
and maintaining bicycle facilities.
目录:
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
A. Bicycle Plan Scope and Purposes .................................................................................. 1
Plan Scope ................................................................................................2
Plan Purposes ............................................................................................2
B. Legislative and Planning Context ................................................................................. 3
Relationship to Other Bicycle and Local Plans ...............................................................................4
C. Public Participation ................................................................................................. 5
D. Plan Organization.................................................................................................. 5
Chapter 2 The Importance of Bicycling and Bicyclists’ Needs
A. The Benefits of Bicycling ................................................................................................... 7
B. Improving Bicycling Conditions ......................................................................................... 8
Meet the Needs of All Types of Bicyclists ......................................................................................8
Accommodate Bicyclists on Roadways ............................................................................................8
Provide Appropriate Facilities ...........................................................................................................9
Provide Safe Intersections and Street Crossings .......................................................................... 10
Ensure That Traffic Signals Work for Bicyclists .......................................................................... 11
Eliminate Barriers and Hazards to Bicyclists ................................................................................ 11
Utilize Opportunities for Off-Street Facilities ............................................................................. 12
Ensure Regular Facility Maintenance ............................................................................................ 12
Implement Neighborhood Traffic Management Strategies ....................................................... 13
Provide Convenient, Secure Parking and Other Ancillary Facilities ......................................... 13
Provide Intermodal Connections .............................................................................................. 13
Bicycle-Friendly Land Use and Street Design .............................................................................. 14
Provide Education and Training Opportunities and Encouragement...................................... 15
Enforce Traffic Laws ......................................................................................................... 15
Chapter 3 Existing Bicycle Travel and Conditions
A. Existing Bicycle Travel ...................................................................................................... 17
Bicycling Levels .......................................................................................................... 17
Bicycle Trip Characteristics ............................................................................... 19
Bicyclist Demographics .......................................................................................... 19
B. Existing Bicycle Facilities and Conditions in the Madison Urban Area ..........................20
On-Street Bicycle Facilities ................................................................................................. 20
Bicycle Compatibility Evaluation of Madison Area Roadways ................................................. 23
Off-Street Bicycle Facilities ............................................................................................. 31
Bicycle Parking Facilities and Access to Transit ........................................................................... 32
Planned Bicycle Facilities with Approval Funding ...................................................................... 32
C. Existing Bicycle Facilities and Conditions in Dane County .............................................33
On-Road Bicycle Facilities ................................................................................................ 33
Bicycle Suitability Analysis of Rural Roadways in Dane County .............................................. 33
Bicycle Facilities Associated with Utility or Natural Resource Corridors ................................ 34
Planned Facilities with Approved Funding................................................................................... 34
i
Chapter 4 Existing Policies and Plans Related to Bicycling
A. Federal Transportation Policy ............................................................................................37
B. State Bicycle-Related Plans, Policies, and Programs ........................................................38
Translinks 21 ........................................................................................................... 38
State Bicycle Transportation Plan .................................................................................................. 38
WisDOT Policy Regarding Provision of Bicycle Facilities on State Highways ....................... 38
WisDOT Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation Program ........................................................ 38
C. Madison Area MPO Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies ..................................................39
Dane County Land Use & Transportation Plan .......................................................................... 39
MPO Project Ranking Process ....................................................................................................... 39
D. County Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies .......................................................................39
Dane County Land Use and Transportation Plan ....................................................................... 39
Dane County Executive Design Dane! Report ............................................................................... 39
Dane County Highway and Transportation Department Policies and Programs ................... 40
County Parks and Open Space Plan .............................................................................................. 40
Northern Lake Mendota Regional Plan ........................................................................................ 40
E. Local Community Bicycle-Related Plans, Policies, and Regulations ............................... 41
Central Urban Area Communities ................................................................................................. 41
University of Wisconsin ................................................................................................... 44
Outer Area Communities .......................................................................................... 44
Chapter 5 Bicycle Operation and Safety Considerations and Current Educational,
Encouragement, and Enforcement Programs and Activities
A. Wisconsin Laws Governing Bicyclists ...............................................................................45
Lake Positioning, Use of Shoulders, Turning .............................................................................. 45
Passing Clearances .................................................................................................. 45
Riding Two Abreast ............................................................................................... 45
Use of Sidewalks ..................................................................................................... 45
Use of Off-Street Paths ................................................................................................. 46
Bicycling at Night ....................................................................................................... 46
Regulatory Authority of Local Governments .............................................................................. 46
B. Bicycle Crashes ...................................................................................................46
Trends and Characteristics of Bicycle Crashes and Bicyclists Involved in Them................... 46
Bicycle Crash Types and Contributing Factors ............................................................................ 48
Summary ................................................................................................ 50
C. Bicycle Safety Education and Training .............................................................................50
Existing Bicycle Safety and Training Programs and Resources ................................................. 50
D. Encouragement Activities and Policies .............................................................................52
Information and Maps ................................................................................................. 52
Programs and Projects ................................................................................................ 52
Events .............................................................................................. 53
E. Enforcement ...................................................................................53
ii
Chapter 6 Making the Region an Even Better Place to Bicycle: Goals and
Objectives and Recommended Actions
A. Vision, Goals, and Objectives ............................................................................................55
Bicycling Vision for the Region ...................................................................................................... 55
Bicycle Plan Goals ................................................................................................ 55
Bicycle Plan Objectives ........................................................................................... 55
B. Recommended Actions ......................................................................................................58
Bicycle Facilities Planning and Development............................................................................... 58
Facilities Maintenance ................................................................................................ 63
Parking and Other End-of-Trip Facilities ..................................................................................... 64
Education and Encouragement Programs.................................................................................... 66
Enforcement .................................................................................... 68
Plan Implementation...................................................................................... 69
Chapter 7 Recommended Madison Urban Area and County Bicycle Facility
Plans
A. Recommended Madison Urban Area Bicycle Facilities Plan ........................................... 71
B. Recommended Countywide Bicycle Facilities Plan ..........................................................85
C. Bicycle Plan Costs and Funding Sources ..........................................................................88
Bicycle Plan Costs ...................................................................................................... 88
Bicycle Plan Funding Sources ....................................................................................... 101
D. Transportation Improvement Programming Process ...................................................... 106
iii
Appendices
Appendix A: Design Guidelines for Bicycle Facilities
A. Introduction ............................................................................................ A-1
Purpose of the Guidelines .................................................................................................. A-1
Plan Policy Regarding Provision of Bicycle Facilities ...................................................................... A-1
Definitions................................................................................................. A-2
B. The Design Bicyclist ....................................................................................................... A-3
C. Types of Bicycle Facilities .............................................................................................. A-3
Shared Roadways ................................................................................... A-3
Wide Curb Lanes ............................................................................... A-4
Wide Streets with Low Parking Occupancy ............................................................................... A-4
Signed Shared Roadway .......................................................................................... A-5
Bicycle Boulevard .................................................................................................. A-5
Bicycle Lanes .............................................................................................. A-6
Location within Street Cross-Section and Width ...................................................................... A-7
Signing and Marking ................................................................................... A-7
Bicycle/Parking and Bus/Bicycle Lanes ..................................................................................... A-8
Contra-Flow Bicycle Lanes ...................................................................................................... A-8
Bicycle Lane Treatments at Intersections ................................................................................... A-9
Retrofitting Streets with Bike Lanes ............................................................................................ A-13
Paved Shoulders on Rural Roadways .................................................................................................. A-14
Width Standards ......................................................................................... A-14
iv
Shared-Use Paths .................................................................................................... A-15
Width and Clearance ............................................................................... A-16
Pavement Structure and Drainage ............................................................................................... A-16
Curb Cuts ............................................................................................. A-17
Path-Roadway Intersections ....................................................................................... A-17
Undesirability of Sidewalk Bikeways ...........................................................................................A-18
D. Traffic Signals ............................................................................... A-19
Signal Timing ............................................................................... A-19
Demand-Actuated Signals.......................................................................................... A-19
Programmed Visibility Signals ............................................................................................. A-20
E. Additional Design Considerations .................................................................................. A-20
Road Hazards ................................................................................... A-20
Drainage Grates and Utility Covers ............................................................................................. A-20
At-Grade Railroad Crossings ......................................................................... A-20
Rumble Strips .................................................................................... A-21
Lighting ....................................................................................... A-21
Structures ......................................................................................... A-21
Roadway Bridges ................................................................................... A-21
Shared-Use Path Over/Underpasses ................................................................................ A-22
Traffic Calming Devices: Considerations for Bicyclists ................................................................... A-22
Bicycle Network Continuity During Construction or Other Travel Disruptions ........................ A-23
F. Maintenance ......................................................................................... A-24
Pavement Surfaces .................................................................................................... A-24
Removal of Debris.................................................................................... A-24
Snow and Ice Removal ............................................................................ A-24
Signs, Stripes, Legends.............................................................................. A-24
Encroaching Vegetation ............................................................................... A-24
G. Bicycle Parking ...................................................................................... A-25
Dimensions and Location ...................................................................................... A-25
Number of Spaces .................................................................................... A-25
Bicycle Racks ................................................................................... A-26
Appendix B: Bicycle Parking Rack Selection
Appendix C: Federal and State Discretionary Funding Sources for Bicycle
Transportation Projects
Appendix D: List of Abbreviations
Table Page
Chapter 3
1 Transportation to Work: 1990 ............................................................................................................18
2 Trip Purpose Distribution ............................................................................... 19
3 Distance That UW Students and Employees Who Commute by Bicycle Live
from Campus........................................................................................... 19
4 Bicycle Compatibility Index (BCI) Ranges Associated with Level of Service (LOS)
Designations .......................................................................................... 24
Chapter 5
5 Age Distribution of Bicyclists Involved in Crashes: Madison, Wisconsin 1987–1990..............47
6 Bicycle-Motor Vehicle Crashes in Dane County by Municipality: 1994–1998 ........................... 47
7 Bicycle Injury Rate by Speed of Motor Vehicle: Wisconsin 1989–1998 .....................................48
8 Bicyclist-Motorist Crashes by Crash Type: Madison, Wisconsin 1987–1990 .............................. 49
Chapter 7
9 Prioritized List of On-Street Bicycle Facility Improvement Needs in the Madison
Urban Area .................................................................................77
10 Prioritized List of Off-Street Bicycle Facility Improvement Needs in the Madison
Urban Area ......................................................................................81
11 Key Project Links in Regional Bicycle Travel Corridors ................................................................ 86
12 Prioritized List of On-Street Bicycle Facility Improvement Needs in Dane County ................ 95
13 Prioritized List of Off-Street Bicycle Facility Projects in Dane County ......................................99
14 Unit Costs for Bicycle Facilities ........................................................... 102
15 Federal and State Funding Opportunities for Bicycle Facilities and Programs ........................ 105
Figure
Page
Chapter 3
1 Existing Bicycle Facilities in the Madison Urban Area .................................................................. 26
2 Existing Bicycle Routes in the Madison Urban Area......................................................................28
3 Bicycle Compatibility of Madison Urban Area Roadways ............................................................30
4 Existing Conditions and Facilities for Bicyclists in Dane County ................................................36
Chapter 7
5 Madison Area Bicycle Facilities Plan .................................................................................................74
6 Madison Area Bicycle Route Plan ..................................................................................................... 76
7 Key Project Links in Regional Bicycle Travel Corridors ................................................................ 90
8 Dane County Bicycle Facilities Plan ..................................................................................................92
9 Dane County Bicycle Route Plan ...................................................................................................... 94
作者: 闲云野鹤牧牛羊 时间: 2011-10-17 12:25
a morning smile
A man writing at the post office desk was approached by an older fellow with a post card in his hand.
The old man said, "Sir, I'm sorry to bother you but could you address this post card for me? My arthritis is acting up today and I can't even hold a pen."
"Certainly, sir," said the younger man, "I'd be glad to." He wrote out the address and also agreed to write a short message and sign the card for the man.
Finally, the younger man asked, "Now, is there anything else I can do for you?"
The old fellow thought about it for a moment and said, "Yes, at the end could you just add, 'PS: Please excuse the sloppy hand-writing?'"作者: 闲云野鹤牧牛羊 时间: 2011-10-17 12:28
自行车运动英语词汇
项目 人员 规则 技术 自行车 场地 装备
1. 自行车运动：cycling; biking
2. 山地自行车运动：mountain biking [cycling]
项目
3. 自行车竞赛：bicycle racing; bike grind
4. 赛车场自行车竞赛：track [velodrome] race
5. 争先赛：sprint
6. 追逐赛：pursuit [chase] race
7. 个人追逐赛：individual pursuit race
8. 团体追逐赛：team pursuit race
9. 双人赛：paired race
10. 记分赛：points race
11. 计时赛：time trial; race against the watch
12. 单人出发比赛：unpaced competition
13. 公路自行车竞赛：road cycling
14. 个人公路赛：individual road race
15. 团体公路赛：team road race
16. 短距离公路赛：sprint road race
17. 环行赛：circuit race
18. 环行公路赛：criterium
19. 每圈淘汰赛（最后到达终点者出局）：miss and out; devil-take-the-hindmost
174.护车：escort car作者: 闲云野鹤牧牛羊 时间: 2011-10-17 12:41
情人节的来历：Origin of Valentine's Day
情人节名字的来历尚无定论。有些历史学家认为，这个节日纪念的是一位叫"瓦伦丁"的人，他在公元270年2月14日殉道而亡。
The origin of the name, Valentine, remains in doubt. Some historians contend the festival commemorates the death of a Christian martyr named Valentine on February 14, in the year 270.
另外有人把这个节日和另一个叫"瓦伦丁"的圣人联系在一起。他违抗罗马皇帝克劳第俄斯的命令，暗中为情人们证婚，被关进监狱，但后来变成了情人的保护神。
Others link it to another St. Valentine who became the patron saint of lovers after he was imprisoned by Emperor Claudius for secretly marrying couples contrary to the Emperor’s order.
还有人认为，这个名字源于一个法国字，意思是"对妇女献殷勤的人"。
Still others say the name is originated from a French word meaning “gallant”(a man who pays great attention to women).
还有一种理论讲，之所以选定2月14日作为情人节，是因为鸟类传统上从这一天起开始交配。
And one further theory is that February 14 was chosen because birds traditionally began to
mate on that day.
不管名字源于何处，情人节有其漫长浪漫的历史。罗马征服者征服英国后，把庆祝这个节日的习惯带到了英国，英国的殖民者又把它带到了美国。
Whatever the origin, Valentine' s Day has had a long and romantic history. The Roman conquerors carried the celebration to England, and then the English settlers carried it to the America .作者: 闲云野鹤牧牛羊 时间: 2011-10-17 12:44
自由式技单车(BMX)词典
献给所有和我一样的新手！作者: 闲云野鹤牧牛羊 时间: 2011-10-17 12:46
MUST READ: Top 10 Ways To Prevent Cancer
Cancer... either you have had it, will develop it at some time, or know someone who has had it or has it. Whether we like it or not, cancer affects each one of us directly or indirectly. Preventing cancer is easier than you may think. Through simple lifestyle changes, we can reduce our risk of developing many types of cancer.
1. Avoid smoking, whether it be actual smoking or secondhand smoke.
We hear a dozen times a day how bad cigarettes are for us and the risk of lung cancer. Why? Because smoking is the most significant risk factors for cancers that we can reduce. Did you know that smoking can increase your risk of many other cancers? Need help quitting? Check out About's Smoking Cessation Site for great tips and support.
2. Practice sun safety and recognize when skin changes occur.
Skin cancer is becoming more common, especially among young people. Wear sunscreen when outdoors, even if it is shady, and try to avoid the outdoors during the sun's peak time, which is 10 am - 2 pm. Knowing your skin's moles and spots is essential. Any changes need to be reported to your doctor ASAP.
3. Eat your fruits and veggies.
Fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants, which help repair our damaged cells. Green veggies and orange and yellow fruits and veggies are your best bet. Learn more about antioxidants in this great article, "Antioxidants and Cancer Prevention"
4. Watch the meats you eat, especially smoked or cured foods.
Research suggests that a diet high in animal fat can lead to the development of certain cancers. A diet high in smoked foods, salted fish and meat, and pickled vegetables increases your risk factor for cancer.
5. Limit your alcohol intake.
Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol regularly increases your risk factor for cancer. Studies suggest that men who consume 2 alcoholic drink per day and women who have 1 alcoholic drink per day significantly increase their risk factors for certain types of cancer.
6. Exercise for cancer prevention.
Being overweight greatly increases your risk factor for developing cancer. So, exercising to maintain or reach your ideal weight is one of the best defenses against cancer. Exercising doesn't have to be a bore, check out Top 10 Best Ways to Prevent Cancer Through Exercise for some fun ways to exercise.
7. Know your personal and family history of cancer.
Research tells us that some types of cancers can be genetic. Knowing your family history of cancer can help you make more informed decisions about your healthcare. It can also aid in genetic testing and counseling, to assist you in finding out if you carry a mutated gene that increases your risk factor for cancer. Check out "Genetic Cancers" for more information about genetic cancer, testing and counseling.
8. Know what chemicals you are being exposed to in your work environment.
If you are exposed to fumes, dust, chemicals, etc in the workplace, you have a right to know what you are being exposed to. Gasoline, diesel exhaust, arsenic, beryllium. vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal products, mustard gas, and chloromethyl ethers are all carcinogens and can be found in some work environments. Talk to your employer about limiting exposure.
9. Practice safe sex.
Unsafe sex can result in the infection of the HPV virus, a known cause for cervical cancer and a risk factor for many other cancers. HPV is a virus transmitted through sexual intercourse. Learn more about HPV in "HPV: What is HPV and How Do You Get It?"
10. Be sure to keep up on screening tests like the Pap, mammograms, and DREs.
Make sure you have regular screening tests like the Pap smear and mammogram if you are a woman, and a DRE (digital rectal exam) if you are a man. The Pap and DRE can detect cellular changes before they become cancerous, and the mammogram may be able to detect breast cancer early. A rectal exam should be part of a woman's yearly gyn exam.
作者: 闲云野鹤牧牛羊 时间: 2011-10-17 12:57
Why do you ride?
Me first!
I started to ride to relieve stress and to stay in shape. Now that I've been doing it awhile I ride because I love the entire experience. I love the aromas of fresh cut grass, spring onions, honeysuckle and other flowers as I spin by. Sometimes I can smell delicious meals cooking in nearby homes. The feeling of complete victory and freedom racing down a steep downhill portion of the road is worth the breathless uphill climb.
The mental health aspects of the ride are many. Many days I've started a ride stressed out from a busy study at work and arrive back home refreshed, glowing and smiling. I typically ride alone, and this private time allows me to reflect on all aspects of life, time I would not normally allow myself to just relax and contemplate. Other folks walking outside or working in their yards smile and wave. It just takes a large load off my fast-paced and demanding life.
Physically, I'm in better shape than I was 3 months ago. I'm stronger, more toned and flexible, and I have energy to spare. It is so exciting to look back at parts along my paths that were once physically challenging for me, but now I can shift a gear or two and keep the pace effortlessly.
To summarize, I ride because I love to ride!
作者: 闲云野鹤牧牛羊 时间: 2011-10-17 13:00
翻译组 必须掌握 单车英语 术语。。(必看)
cyclocomputer 码表，也可以说speedometer，简称speedo
cadence 蹬踏频率
chain 链条
chain guard 链罩
derailleur 变速器
disc brake 碟刹
fender 挡泥板
folding bicycle 折叠车
geared bicycle 变速车
gloves 手套 full-fingered gloves, half-fingered gloves 全指，半指手套
jersey 骑行服
hardtail 没有后避震的山地车
helmet 头盔
HRM - Heart Rate Monitor 心律表
mud guard 挡泥板
pedal 踏板
penny farthing 前轮大后轮小的自行车
puncture 爆胎，用法：I had a puncture today.
How to fix a puncture? 怎样补胎？爆胎也可以说 I had a flat tyre.
pump 气筒
recumbent bicycle 躺骑车
saddle, seat 车座
seat post 座管
shorts 骑行短裤
slick tires(slicks) 光头胎 knobby tires(knobbies) 粗胎
softtail 有后避震的山地车
spoke 钢丝
support vehicle 后勤车
suspension 避震 front suspension前避震, rear suspension 后避震
tandem bicycle 双人自行车
transferer 转会者
triathlon 铁人三项
triathlete 铁人三项选手
tube 内胎
tyre(tire) 外胎
UCI - Union Cycliste Internationale (=International Cycling Union)国际自行车联盟[法]
water bottle cage 水壶架
wheel 轮子
-------------------------------------------------------------------
英文论坛常用词汇
newbie 新手
roadie 骑公路车的
pinned 置顶的
stickied 置顶的
1、Main Accessory/主要部件
Frameset（Frame）: 车架 Fork : 前叉
Suspension : 避震，前避震叫Fork，后避震叫Shock，一般不用Suspension
Crankset : 大齿盘
Bottom Bracket（BB） : 中轴（简称BB）
2、Transmission/传动部件
Derailleur : 拨链器 变速器
Shift Cables : 变速线
Shift Lever set : 变速手把 手拨
Cassette Sprockets : 飞轮，一般就直接说成Cassette
Chain : 链条
3、Brake System/刹车系统
Brake : 刹车 V-Brake : V型刹车 Disc-Brake : 碟刹 Handelbar : 把横
Aheadset Stem（stem）: 把立
Cartridge Headset : 车头碗组（前叉碗 ），一般就直接说Headset
Brake cables：刹车线
4、Else/其他
Crank：曲柄（公路赛车） Pedals : 脚踏 Wheel : 车轮 Rim : 车圈
Tire : 车胎 tube：内胎 Hub : 花鼓，车轮轴 Spoke : 辐条 Saddle : 车座 Seatpost : 座管 Bar End：副把 wheelset：轮组
Grip：把套 Weight: 车重 Ski pad: 护盘 Chain tensioner ：拉链片
Bar : 把手 R-rim: 后圈 Seat: 座包作者: 闲云野鹤牧牛羊 时间: 2011-10-17 13:06
Biking from Shaoxing to Hangzhou
My alarm clock went at 4:50 AM. Within five minutes I was out of bed, dressed, and was about to drink my first cup of black coffee for the morning. By 5:20 AM had finished my first cup of black coffee, and poured the remaining two cups of coffee into my water bottle (to drink at a later time), and had cycled two kilometers across town.
China does not stand still for very long. The early morning is one of the few moments when one can witness an idle China. As I waited at the intersection to meet my Chinese friend, the third person in our biking party, I could see streets almost devoid of cars, bicycles, tricycles, and teeming masses. It made me feel uncomfortable - I've been in China too long.
Whilst waiting for my friend I altered the height of the saddle to suit my nonwestern legs. Once again I had borrowed a bicycle (with gears) from a Chinese friend rather than push my Forever bicycle from Shaoxing to Hangzhou. ('Forever' bicycles are well named: they take forever to ride anywhere.)
By 5:30 a.m. we were on a way. I was wearing comfortable cotton trousers, a pair of comfortable shoes, and a comfortable cotton shirt. My clothes were not at all down market, but then one would not have called them flash either. My Chinese friends, on the other hand, will wearing clothes that could only be described as flash - daresay 'loud'. Chinese bikers, it seems, very much like to wear the clothes worn by road racers abroad, such as, fluorescent or brightly coloured Lycra tops covered with advertising, close fitting Lycra shorts, and vibrant helmets. I can understand where the helmets because it’s a safety issue. I can understand wearing trousers because the saddles a usually hard and trousers have additional padding. And I can understand the brightly coloured tops because these brightly coloured tops make as feasible to the traffic. But the advertising I do not understand. I can only assume that the Chinese have seen photographs of sponsored teams and wish to emulate them.
The ride from Hangzhou to Shaoxing is flat virtually all the way. It is not difficult on the mountain bicycle to maintain constant speed of twenty to thirty kilometres an hour. Cruising at the speed permitted us to complete the sixty to seventy kilometre journey in a little over two hours. This also included a twenty-minute stop to drink my coffee mid-journey. My two companions commented that after drinking my coffee, and receiving another hit of hyper-caffein, pedaled much faster than previously. It seems coffee serves a purpose after all - it makes us peddle faster. Chinese prefer to drink tea, a much more relaxing than the coffee, and accordingly pedal in a more relaxed manner.
We arrived in Hangzhou before some of the people we were going to visit had risen out of bed. So we ate breakfast was we waited for them to awaken from their slumbers and prepare to meet us. After meeting more friends we went cycling around the picturesque hills of Hangzhou. These hills truly are picturesque – one wants to continually take pictures of them. What was most noteworthy was the abundant green that seems to assault a cyclist from all directions. On either side are green bushes, green shrubs, ferns, and saplings. The trees on either side grow over to cover the road and blot out much of the sky. I was not alone in thinking that Hangzhou’s beautiful hills were the place to spend my day, so thought half of Hangzhou it seems. I have noticed in China that the Chinese have a preference for crowded areas. The masses of people attending any area, site, or event enhances their experience – solitude and loneliness does not seem to appeal. Most Chinese were transported to the hills by vehicular transport: buses, cars, and taxis were abundant, as were the fumes given off by their engines. Nonetheless, being in Hangzhou’s hills with lots of Chinese was preferable to being in any Chinese city with even more Chinese.
I will continue riding bicycles around China because I believe is one of the nicest ways of seeing – and more importantly, understanding – this huge country. I might also be persuaded to buy a brightly coloured Lycra top cover with advertising.
作者: 闲云野鹤牧牛羊 时间: 2011-10-17 13:12
China restores bike lanes lost to car boom
Jonathan Watts in Shanghai
Friday June 16, 2006
The Guardian
Having spent the past decade pursuing a transport policy of four wheels rich, two wheels poor, the Chinese government has suddenly rediscovered the environmental and health benefits of the bicycle.
The construction ministry announced that any bike lanes that have been narrowed or destroyed to make way for cars in recent years must be returned to their original glory. This followed orders on Tuesday that all civil servants should cycle to work or take public transport to reduce the smog that chokes most streets.
Qiu Baoxing, a vice-minister with the Ministry of Construction, said it was important for China to retain its title as the "kingdom of bicycles," according to a report by the official Xinhua news agency.
The reputation was well deserved 25 years ago, when Beijing was famous for its swarms of cyclists. But a quarter-century of breakneck industrial development has transformed the streets of almost every city. China has become infatuated with the car, which is seen as a symbol of success and modernity.
Qiu was quoted as saying the number of vehicles on China's roads has increased more than twenty-fold since 1978 to 27m. Within 15 years, he predicted, it could rise to more than 130m - which still represents only one car for every 10 people.
In Beijing alone, it is estimated that 1,000 new cars every day are added to an already appalling traffic snarl-up. Until now, urban planners have tried to make room for these economic engines by building thousands of miles of multi-lane roads, often at the expense of bike lanes.
The apparent shift of focus comes at the start of a new five-year economic plan in which the government says its priority is to improve the environment and conserve energy.作者: 闲云野鹤牧牛羊 时间: 2011-10-17 13:15
经典中文的英译
但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。
We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart.
独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。
A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day.
大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。
The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years.
二人同心，其利断金。
If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal.
富贵不能淫，贫*不能移，威武不能曲，此之谓大丈夫。
It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate.
海内存知己，天涯若比邻。
A bosom friend afar brings distance near.
合抱之木，生于毫末，九层之台，起于累土；千里之行始于足下。
A huge tree that fills one’s arms grows from a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step.
祸兮，福之所依；福兮，祸之所伏。
Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies.
见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。
On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects.
江山如此多娇，引无数英雄尽折腰。
This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage.
举头望明月，低头思故乡。
Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around.
俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。
All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men.
君子成人之美，不成人之恶。
The gentleman helps others to achieve their moral perfection but not their evil conduct.
君子独立不惭于影，独寝不愧于魂。
A righteous man never feels ashamed to face his shadow when standing alone and to face his soul when sleeping alone.
君子之交淡如水，小人之交甘如醴。君子淡以亲，小人甘以绝。
The friendship between men of virtue is light like water, yet affectionate; the friendship between men without virtue is sweet like wine, yet easily broken.
老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。
Expend the respect of the aged in one’s family to that of other families; expend the love of the young ones in one’s family to that of other families.
礼尚往来。往而不来，非礼也；来而不往，亦非礼也。
Propriety suggests reciprocity. It is not propriety not to give out but to receive, or vice versa.
两情若是长久时，又岂在朝朝暮暮。
If love between both sides can last for aye, why need they stay together night and day?
路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。
The way ahead is long; I see no ending, yet high and low I’ll search with my will unbending.作者: 闲云野鹤牧牛羊 时间: 2011-10-17 13:18
英语牢骚10句
1. Stop complaining! 别发牢骚！
2. You make me sick! 你真让我惭愧！
3. What’s wrong with you? 你怎么啦？
4. You shouldn’t have done that! 你真不应该那样做!
5. You’re a jerk! 你是个废物/混球！
6. Don’t talk to me like that! 别那样和我说话!
7. Who do you think you are? 你以为你是谁？
8. What’s your problem? 你怎么回事啊？
9. I hate you! 我很烦（讨厌）你！
10. I don’t want to see your face! 我不愿再见到你！作者: 闲云野鹤牧牛羊 时间: 2011-10-20 13:26
自行车的选择
第一、我到底是该选择什么车种？哪个更适合我骑行的情况？
自行车的分类众多，以用途来分，一般分为通勤代步车和休闲运动车。从车种分，主要有山地车，公路车，旅行车，折叠车和小径车。买自行车就好像买鞋一样除了要合脚，也要适应场合与功能上的需求，打篮球要穿篮球鞋,慢跑就要穿跑鞋，自行车作为运动功能，根据不同需求，读者也必须选择专门设计的车才对！首先，您要明确自行车的用途，您自己买车主要是为了什么？上下班代步；平时没事锻炼；爬山；跑个小长途；还是单单的追求速度？其次要考虑您可承受的价格范围。
以用途分：
（1）山地车：山地车为了征服各种地形设计，车架结实；轮胎较宽，车圈一般为26英寸；一般会配置平把或燕把。如果您的路况坑坑洼洼，或者您买车的目标不仅仅是上下班或者运动休闲，而且为了跑长途，游山玩水，参加骑行活动，建议购买山地车。因为它的舒适性，操作性都好于公路车(一般是这样，但是有些公路车的舒适度也可以通过技术和坐垫的质量提高，比如淘宝上的macce公路车，舒适度就很高)，山地外观给人感觉复杂，没有公路给人的感觉简捷流畅，当然有些是不能够看外表的，需要看得是车子的整体效果，尤其是在骑行过程中，才会体会到的。一般的山地车都是带有减震系统的，分为单减震（也就是前叉减震）和双减震山地车（前叉、车架本身）。单避震指的是前避震；而双避震则是前后避震,如果骑乘者经常接触到林道,越野等路况,或是非常注重舒适性,无法忍受一丁点路面震动,那双避震会是好选择.而对于一般运动,休闲车友来说，只要有单避震就足够了，且单避震车较双避震车也相对便宜，轻量。还有一个重要的概念就是，好的避震系统可有效吸收路面的颠簸和冲撞震动，但也会将踩踏时的力道照单全收，所以有死锁（LOCK-OUT）或调节功能的避震系统（一般价格比较贵），可以在爬坡时暂停或调节避震的动作，让踩踏更有效率。前避震指的就是避震前叉，其材质由轻到重为优力胶，油压式和气压式，当然越轻的前叉也就越贵；若作为休闲，运动之用，并在柏油路面骑乘，就不需要特别去更换前叉；若是经常接触颠簸路面，竞赛或爬坡，就可考虑更换较高阶的前叉。当然，山地车并不一定在坑坑洼洼的路上骑，山地车适合各种路况，在大街上，我们看到的几乎都是山地车，因为山地车比较好控制，易操作。而且尺寸多，适合人群广泛。一般避震前叉依地形与行程长短可分为；越野（XC）用:80-120mm, 全地形（All Mountain）用：120-150mm,自由骑与下坡（FR—DH）用：160-220 mm.
